An exploration of the methods by which plants avoid or tolerate diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, using mechanisms at the molecular, biochemical, cellular, and anatomical levels. Specific topics will include: stress perception and signal transduction, responses to light, temperature, and salinity; water, nutrient and oxygen availability; and defence against pathogens. The course will also cover the methods used to study plant stress responses and a discussion of how plant breeding and modern molecular biology tools are being used to improve stress resistance. Prerequisites BI266 (BI368 is recommended). Exclusions BI396J.